Before the Spanish conquest, like all other surrounding countries, Peru was making simple bronze tools and hunting and gathering with some agriculture such as the potato production. Within Peru the greatest Inca empire(1200-1532).Fiercely protective of their independence, they maintained a somewhat
feudal society, tightly controlled by rigid religion, which involve human sacrifice. The Empire was prosperous and extended all the way down the pacific coast until
The Spaniards lead by leaders such as Pizarro.

Pizarro captured the Ican emperor, Cajamarca and murdered thousands of people with only a group of 170 men. Although ridiculously outnumbered, the Spaniards had the advantages of surprise, steel, cannons and, above all, cavalry.

The Peru people and culture would never be the same. The economy was now part of the international economy controlled by the Spaniards. Cultural diffusion went both ways. But between the years 1520 and 1548 a decline in population happened due mainly to new European diseases such as smallpox, measles, bubonic plague, whooping cough and influenza.

The land in Peru is surround by ocean and involved mountain's terrain and separation of the Incan empire with the rest of the world.Serfdom was introduced to the native populations, many of whom were now expected to raise animals introduced from the Old World such as cattle on behalf of their new overlords. Many Inca cities were rebuilt as Spanish towns, although some, like Cusco, retained native influence.