Duma was the name of the national parliament created in Russia in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905. No laws could be passed without the consent of the Duma. Tsar Nicholas II stripped away the power of the Duma in a period of 10 weeks, after he found out that the majority of opposition candidates had been elected in 1906. It had failed to forestall further revolutions. In 1907 there was another Duma that was created that was even more hostile to the government and was also wiped out. A third Duma was created and lasted from 1907-1912, it was successful in extending peasants' rights and enacted labor laws. A fourth Duma was created and lasted from 1912 to 1917, and it was always in constant conflict with the tsar. Today there is still a Duma in effect which is the popularly elected lower house of the Russian Federation's legislature.