The word barbarian (although overused or misused often) often refers to peoples who are considered to be uncivilized, and/or speak a different language.

Although the word barbarian most likely has Hellenistic roots, the etymology has controversial backgrounds. One theory is an attempted onomatopoeic explanation of a Greek or Roman hearing a language foreign to him, describing it as nothing but "barbar" in his/her ears.

An example of misuse is how it is used towards the Mongolian army under khannate reign, due to what many historical accounts consider to be devastating and ruthless military tactics.